Estimation of Non-lithium-plating Current Boundary for Batteries Based on a Multi-physics Field Model

JIN Li; WANG Jinyu; ZHANG Junkun; LYU Chao; XU Shaochun

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.014

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Equipment Environmental Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5) : 122-130. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.014

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Estimation of Non-lithium-plating Current Boundary for Batteries Based on a Multi-physics Field Model

JIN Li¹, WANG Jinyu^1,*, ZHANG Junkun¹, LYU Chao², XU Shaochun²

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Abstract

The work aims to control the battery operating current and prevent lithium plating, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the battery. Considering the impact of size effect of particle, the description of stress and heat generation was highlighted to improve the existing electrochemical model, and construct a multi-particle-size coupled electro-chemo-ther- mal-mechanical model. On this basis, the calculation equations of negative electrode overpotential for characterizing lithium plating of active particles with different sizes were proposed, and combined with the bisection method, an online estimation method for the non-lithium-plating current boundary was developed. The model established in this work could accurately simulate the external characteristics of the battery. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the terminal voltage was less than 20 mV, and the MAE of the temperature was no more than 0.2 ℃, thus realizing the estimation of non-lithium-plating current boundary over a wide temperature range and the full state of charge (SOC) domain. The non-lithium-plating current boundary is closely related to battery temperature and SOC. The lower the temperature and the higher the SOC, the smaller the maximum current without lithium plating.

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lithium-ion batteries / electrochemical model / temperature estimation / current control / lithium plating / negative electrode overpotential

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JIN Li, WANG Jinyu, ZHANG Junkun, LYU Chao, XU Shaochun. Estimation of Non-lithium-plating Current Boundary for Batteries Based on a Multi-physics Field Model[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(5): 122-130 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.014

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